[Associations between components of metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia]. / Svyazi mezhdu komponentami metabolicheskogo sindroma i kognitivnymi narusheniyami u bol'nykh shizofreniei.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the individual components of the metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 133 patients with schizophrenia were examined. To assess cognitive functioning, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was used. The components of the metabolic syndrome were determined in accordance with the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS: Hyperglycemia in patients with schizophrenia led to a decrease in cognitive functioning in two domains: verbal fluency (ß=-10.67; p=0.019) and attention stability (ß=-9.519; p=0.043). Abdominal obesity was associated with lower indicators of executive functions (ß=-8.856; p=0.026). CONCLUSION: It is assumed that drug treatment of some components of the metabolic syndrome may affect cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia.

[The relationship between the rs6265 polymorphism of the BDNF gene and the level of serum neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson's disease]. / Svyaz' polimorfizma rs6265 gena BDNF s urovnem syvorotochnogo neirotroficheskogo faktora u patsientov s bolezn'yu Parkinsona.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features and the level of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in groups of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) differentiated by the genotypes of BDNF polymorphism (rs6265). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The level of serum BDNF in the biomarkers' multiplex panel of neurodegenerative diseases (HNDG3MAG-36K) was assessed in 134 PD patients. Allele discrimination was carried out by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes for the analysis of BDNF rs6265 polymorphism in groups of patients and controls (n=192) matched for sex, age and ethnicity. RESULTS: Comparing the distribution of rs6265 genotypes and alleles between groups of patients and controls no significant differences were found (p>0.05). Serum BDNF levels varied significantly by genotype (rs6265) among PD patients. Minimum mean serum BDNF level (320.1±164.6 pg/ml) was noted for individuals with the AA genotype, which significantly differs from the corresponding indicator among individuals with GA (2944.2±1590.6 pg/ml; p=0.0001) and GG genotypes (2949.4±1620.6 pg/ml; p=3.9×10-5). The concentration of BDNF significantly differed between patients with different forms of PD (p=0.0007) and increased as the stage of the disease progressed according to Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (p=1.0×10-6). CONCLUSION: The BDNF rs6265 polymorphism was not associated with the development of PD in the studied population. The variability of the mean serum BDNF level was established depending on the genotype of the BDNF polymorphism in PD patients and a number of clinical features.

[Serum neurofilament light chains in assessing the course of multiple sclerosis]. / Syvorotochnye legkie tsepi neirofilamentov v otsenke techeniya rasseyannogo skleroza.

OBJECTIVE: To study a role of serum neurofilament light chains (sNFL) in assessment of course and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the population of patients with MS in the Tomsk region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 93 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) (nRRMS=75, nSPMS=18). The study was carried out in a two-stage design: the first stage was a cross-sectional study for the entire sample; the second stage was a prospective observation with two visits for patients with relapse. sNFL concentration was determined by solid-phase ELISA. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between RRMS and SPMS, and relapse and remission groups in terms of sNFL levels. Patients with a MS duration exceeding 14 years had higher rates of sNFL than those with a shorter duration (p=0.02). The subjects of the second study stage showed a decrease in sNFL from 2.05 (1.86; 2.19) pg/ml to 1.92 (1.87; 2.04) pg/ml (p=0.005), and slowdown in sNFL reduction correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment (k=0.52; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Dynamic monitoring of sNFL allows the evaluation of the activity of the disease, as well as making an assumption about the compensatory possibilities of subsequent recovery.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng and Hedysarum neglectum root crop extracts

Abstract In order to ensure the timely and uninterrupted supply of medicinal plant raw materials, the methods of cultivation of plant cell cultures, namely, the production of plant root cultures, are relevant. In this paper, the geroprotective potential of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey root cultures is studied. They were cultured under in vitro conditions by transforming the rhizome (H. neglectum) and seed seedlings (P. ginseng) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. To identify the geroprotective potential, the antimicrobial disc-diffusion method and the antioxidant activity were analyzed by titration of KMnO4 extracts of plant root cultures. The qualitative and quantitative composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In the course of the work, the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of plant root culture extracts was established. Biologically active substances contained in extracts of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb root crops and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey are characterized by geroprotective potential, so they can act as a source of natural antioxidants in the functional nutrition of the geroprotective orientation.

Resumo Para garantir o abastecimento em tempo e ininterrupto de matérias-primas de plantas medicinais, são relevantes os métodos de cultivo de culturas de células vegetais, nomeadamente a produção de culturas de raízes vegetais. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o potencial geroprotetor de culturas de raízes de Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb e Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Eles foram cultivados em condições in vitro pela transformação do rizoma (H. neglectum) e mudas de sementes (P. ginseng) com Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. Para identificar o potencial geroprotetor, o método antimicrobiano de difusão em disco e a atividade antioxidante foram analisados por titulação de extratos de KMnO4 de raízes de plantas. A composição qualitativa e quantitativa foi analisada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massa. No decorrer do trabalho, foi constatada a presença de atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante dos extratos de raízes de plantas. Substâncias biologicamente ativas contidas em extratos de raízes de H. neglectum Ledeb e P. ginseng C. A. Mey são caracterizadas pelo potencial geroprotetor, podendo atuar como fonte de antioxidantes naturais na nutrição funcional da orientação geroprotetora.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng and Hedysarum neglectum root crop extracts / Atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante de extratos de raízes de Panax ginseng e Hedysarum neglectum

In order to ensure the timely and uninterrupted supply of medicinal plant raw materials, the methods of cultivation of plant cell cultures, namely, the production of plant root cultures, are relevant. In this paper, the geroprotective potential of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey root cultures is studied. They were cultured under in vitro conditions by transforming the rhizome (H. neglectum) and seed seedlings (P. ginseng) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. To identify the geroprotective potential, the antimicrobial disc-diffusion method and the antioxidant activity were analyzed by titration of KMnO4 extracts of plant root cultures. The qualitative and quantitative composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In the course of the work, the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of plant root culture extracts was established. Biologically active substances contained in extracts of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb root crops and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey are characterized by geroprotective potential, so they can act as a source of natural antioxidants in the functional nutrition of the geroprotective orientation.

Para garantir o abastecimento em tempo e ininterrupto de matérias-primas de plantas medicinais, são relevantes os métodos de cultivo de culturas de células vegetais, nomeadamente a produção de culturas de raízes vegetais. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o potencial geroprotetor de culturas de raízes de Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb e Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Eles foram cultivados em condições in vitro pela transformação do rizoma (H. neglectum) e mudas de sementes (P. ginseng) com Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. Para identificar o potencial geroprotetor, o método antimicrobiano de difusão em disco e a atividade antioxidante foram analisados por titulação de extratos de KMnO4 de raízes de plantas. A composição qualitativa e quantitativa foi analisada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massa. No decorrer do trabalho, foi constatada a presença de atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante dos extratos de raízes de plantas. Substâncias biologicamente ativas contidas em extratos de raízes de H. neglectum Ledeb e P. ginseng C. A. Mey são caracterizadas pelo potencial geroprotetor, podendo atuar como fonte de antioxidantes naturais na nutrição funcional da orientação geroprotetora.

[BDNF gene RS6265 polymorphism in patients with multiple sclerosis of Tomsk region]. / Polimorfizm RS6265 gena BDNF v populyatsii bol'nykh rasseyannym sklerozom Tomskoi oblasti.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the RS6265 polymorphism of BDNF gene on the risk of development, main clinical characteristics and DMT response in MS patients in Tomsk region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 321 patients, the control group consisted of 266 healthy volunteers. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from venous blood using the standard phenol-chloroform method. Genotyping was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using competing TaqMan probes complementary to the polymorphic nucleotide sequence. RESULTS: Carriage of the C allele and CC genotype of the RS6265 polymorphism of the BDNF gene was found to be a factor determining a more favorable MS course. CONCLUSION: Carriers of the indicated genotype had a low rate of MS progression, a lower frequency of relapses and a less pronounced degree of disability with a comparable MS duration, and significantly more often demonstrated a more optimal response to first and second line of DMT.

[Coherence of the electroencephalogram and peripheral markers of nerve tissue damage in depressive disorders]. / Kogerentnost' elektroentsefalogrammy i perifericheskie markery povrezhdeniya nervnoi tkani pri depressivnykh rasstroistvakh.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the coherence parameters of the electroencephalogram and the level of peripheral markers of nerve tissue damage in patients with depressive disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients with a diagnosis from a cluster of mood disorders: affective disorder within a single depressive episode and recurrent depressive disorder were examined. A control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals, comparable in sex and age to the main group. The bioelectric activity of the brain was recorded and analyzed with the calculation of the averaged coefficients of intra- and interhemispheric coherence. The concentration of calcium-binding protein S100b, the main protein of myelin MBP and glial fibrillar acid protein GFAP was determined in blood sera by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Patients with depressive disorders showed signi cantly lower coefficients of interhemispheric coherence of alpha (p=0.003), beta (p=0.042) and theta rhythms (p=0.041), as well as intrahemispheric coherence of alpha rhythm in the left (p=0.016) and right hemispheres (p=0.026), beta rhythm in the right hemisphere (p=0.034) compared to the control group. Patients with depressive disorders showed a higher concentration of MBP compared to the control group (p=0.008). Additionally, we identified statistically significant correlations between EEG coherence coefficients and serum markers in patients with depressive disorders. CONCLUSION: The results clearly confirm the presence of inflammatory changes in the brain in patients with depression, which is reflected in structural and functional changes.

[Correlations between clinical features of bipolar affective disorder and serum concentrations of ANKRD12 gene product, coagulation factor XIII, and cadherin 5]. / Svyaz' kontsentratsii belka-produkta gena ANKRD12, XIII faktora koagulyatsii i kadgerina 5 v syvorotke krovi s klinicheskimi osobennostyami bipolyarnogo affektivnogo rasstroistva.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the serum concentrations of some proteins identified in the blood serum of patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) and to evaluate the relationship of their concentrations with clinical characteristics of BD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Protein concentrations of cadherin 5, coagulation factor XIII and ANKRD12 gene product in the blood serum of patients with BD and healthy individuals were determined using commercial ELISA kits. The severity of current depression and the main clinical manifestations of BD were assessed by SIGH-SAD and CGI upon admission to the hospital before the prescription of therapy. Data analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Comparison between subgroups of BD patients, selected in accordance with the current affective episode (hypomanic, manic, depressive and mixed), and control group by the Kruskal-Wallis test has shown the significant difference in ANKRD12 protein product concentration (p=0.0448). When comparing pairwise each subgroup with the control group, the significant difference in ANKRD12 product concentration was found only in the case of a subgroup of BD patients with current depressive episode (Mann-Whitney test, p=0.006). Pairwise comparison of the ANKRD12 product concentrations in subgroups of BD patients with different disease duration (<5 years, 6-10 years, and >11 years) and in the control group by the Mann-Whitney test has revealed significant differences (p=0.04, p=0.01, p=0.02, respectively), the maximum protein concentration was found in patients with disease duration >11 years. Significant negative correlation of cadherin 5 concentration with the severity of atypical depressive symptoms assessed by SIGH-SAD (r=-0.69, p=0.038) and the decrease in cadherin 5 concentration in BD patients with greater severity of the current depressive episode were revealed. Significant negative correlation was found between factor XIII concentration and CGI scores (r=-0.62, p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The results indicate a possible link of the studied proteins with BD pathogenesis. Further study of these proteins may contribute to the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic techniques.

[Anhedonia as target symptom in personalized therapy of patients with mood disorders and alcohol use disorder comorbidity]. / Angedoniya kak tselevoi simptom personalizirovannoi antidepressivnoi psikhofarmakoterapii u patsientov s komorbidnymi affektivnymi rasstroistvami i alkogol'noi zavisimost'yu.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of anhedonia in mood disorders (MD) comorbid with alcohol use disorder (AUD), considering melatonin concentration in the patient's blood serum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy patients, aged 18-65 years old, with MD, including patients with- (group F3+F10, n=36) or without comorbid AUD (group F3, n=34), were examined. Control group consisted of 26 healthy volunteers. Clinical-dynamic evaluation was carried out using SIGH-SAD and SHAPS-C. Melatonin concentration was measured with MAGPIX analyzer (Luminex, USA). The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS (V. 23.0) standard package. RESULTS: In the case of MD/AUD comorbidity anhedonia symptom does not respond well to psychopharmacotherapy during four weeks (p=0.192, Wilcoxon test) whereas anhedonia in «pure¼ MD does (p=0.007, Wilcoxon test). At the same time, only patients with «pure¼ MD have a statistically significant decrease in melatonin concentration in blood serum compared with the control group (p=0.025, p=0.031, Mann-Whitney test), on the contrary, in the case of MD/AUD comorbidity, a relative increase in melatonin concentration (p>0.05 Mann-Whitney test) was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The relatively low response of anhedonia symptom in the case of MD/AUD comorbidity compared with the «pure¼ MD, makes perspective using antidepressants with prodophaminergic mechanism of action in this cohort of patients. Furthermore, in MD/AUD comorbidity, contrary to «pure¼ MD, a relative increase in melatonin concentration in blood serum was detected, therefore it could be a limitation to prescribing antidepressants directly or indirectly modulating melatoninergic system.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng and Hedysarum neglectum root crop extracts.

In order to ensure the timely and uninterrupted supply of medicinal plant raw materials, the methods of cultivation of plant cell cultures, namely, the production of plant root cultures, are relevant. In this paper, the geroprotective potential of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey root cultures is studied. They were cultured under in vitro conditions by transforming the rhizome (H. neglectum) and seed seedlings (P. ginseng) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. To identify the geroprotective potential, the antimicrobial disc-diffusion method and the antioxidant activity were analyzed by titration of KMnO4 extracts of plant root cultures. The qualitative and quantitative composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In the course of the work, the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of plant root culture extracts was established. Biologically active substances contained in extracts of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb root crops and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey are characterized by geroprotective potential, so they can act as a source of natural antioxidants in the functional nutrition of the geroprotective orientation.

[Current methods for predicting therapeutic response in patients with depressive disorders]. / Sovremennye metody prognoza terapevticheskogo otveta u patsientov s depressivnymi rasstroistvami.

Depressive disorder is the most common mental illness, which is also one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. In addition, most suicides are associated with depression. Despite all modern achievements in the treatment of depressive disorders, up to 60% of patients did not adequately respond to psychopharmacotherapy (non-responders). Current guidelines and studies characterize non-responders as patients who have an inadequate response to taking two or more antidepressants from different classes within 4 weeks. However, in some cases, such a long wait for a therapeutic response can lead to adverse consequences. Thus, there is a need to develop prognostic methods of therapeutic resistance in patients with depressive disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize current methods used to predict therapeutic response in patients with depressive disorders. A literature search was conducted using the search terms «depression¼, «antidepressant¼, «outcome¼, «predictor¼, «(bio) marker¼, «treatment-resistant depression¼ and «chronic depression¼. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for the time period from 2005 to 2020.

[Executive functions and their role in predicting therapeutic response in patients with depressive disorders]. / Upravlyayushchie kognitivnye funktsii i ikh rol' v prognozirovanii terapevticheskogo otveta u patsientov s depressivnymi rasstroistvami.

OBJECTIVE: To identify differences in executive functions in patients with depressive disorders depending on their sensitivity to antidepressants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 70 patients with depressive disorder. All patients received syndrome-induced psychopharmacotherapy, which included antidepressants and normotimics. The severity of depressive disorder was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The criterion for the effectiveness of therapy (sensitivity) was an improvement in clinical symptoms by 50% or more, as measured with HDRS. The study was performed in two stages (points): at the first point, patients were examined upon admission to the Department before taking medications, and the second point was performed after a 4-week treatment of patients in the hospital. The assessment of executive functions was performed using computer tests Go/Nogo, Corsi and Stroop. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients with depressive disorders who were not sensitive to therapy were characterized by low performance in executive functions compared to patients with a positive therapeutic response. Based on the data obtained, a multiple linear regression equation was constructed to predict the therapeutic response based on individual differences in the results of cognitive tests, regardless of potential clinical and demographic factors.

[Clinical and electrophysiological parameters of alcohol dependence and its comorbidity with affective disorders]. / Klinicheskie i neirofiziologicheskie osobennosti pri alkogol'noi zavisimosti i pri ee komorbidnosti s affektivnymi rasstroistvami.

OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics of and possible differences in clinical and electroencephalographic parameters in patients with alcohol dependence with- and without comorbid affective disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five patients, including 74 with an established diagnosis of alcohol dependence and 21 with alcohol dependence and affective disorders, were examined. Duration of alcohol dependence and affective disorder (years), number of hospitalizations and suicidal attempts were analyzed as anamnestic data. Hamilton's anxiety and depression scale (HDRS), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the General clinical impression scale (CGI-s) were used as psychometric tools. The study of bioelectric activity of the brain was carried out using a 16-channel encephalograph. The background electroencephalogram was recorded, the values of absolute spectral power and coherence of theta, alpha and beta rhythms were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients with comorbidity of alcohol dependence and affective disorders have a significantly higher risk of suicidal behavior, a greater frequency of hospitalizations, higher levels of anxiety compared with patients without affective disorders. Electrophysiological data have shown that patients with comorbidity of alcohol dependence and affective disorders have higher values of spectral power of alpha-rhythm in all parts of the cerebral cortex (except for temporal lobes) and beta-rhythm in the occipital cortex, as well as an increase in interhemispheric coherence in all frequency ranges.

[A new look at the genetics of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia]. / Novyi vzglyad na genetiku neirokognitivnogo defitsita pri shizofrenii.

The article presents current literature data on genetic studies of neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia, including the genes of neurotransmitter systems (dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic); genes analyzed in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), as well as other genetic factors related to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and neurocognitive disorders.

[Disorders of spatial working memory in affective disorders with mild current depression and their neurophysiological correlates]. / Narusheniia funktsii prostranstvennoi rabochei pamiati pri depressii legkoi stepeni tiazhesti i ikh neirofiziologicheskie korreliaty.

AIM: To assess spatial working memory disorders in patients with mild depressive disorders and determine their neurophysiological correlates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients (right-handed) with ICD-10 diagnosis Mood Disorders (F31.3, F32.0, F33.0, F34.1), aged 37±8 years, were examined before treatment. A control group included 30 mentally and somatically healthy individuals (32±7 years old). The study of spatial working memory was carried out using the Corsi Block-Tapping test. EEG was recorded and the values of the spectral power of theta, alpha and beta rhythms were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A decrease in the level of working memory that was correlated with higher values of theta rhythm power in the frontal and occipital regions and alpha rhythm in the frontal cortex was observed in affective disorders with mild depressive symptoms.

Blood-Derived RNA- and microRNA-Hydrolyzing IgG Antibodies in Schizophrenia Patients.

Abzymes with various catalytic activities are the earliest statistically significant markers of existing and developing autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Currently, schizophrenia (SCZD) is not considered to be a typical AID. It was demonstrated recently that antibodies from SCZD patients efficiently hydrolyze DNA and myelin basic protein. Here, we showed for the first time that autoantibodies from 35 SCZD patients efficiently hydrolyze RNA (cCMP > poly(C) > poly(A) > yeast RNA) and analyzed site-specific hydrolysis of microRNAs involved in the regulation of several genes in SCZD (miR-137, miR-9-5p, miR-219-2-3p, and miR-219a-5p). All four microRNAs were cleaved by IgG preparations (n = 21) from SCZD patients in a site-specific manner. The RNase activity of the abzymes correlated with SCZD clinical parameters. The data obtained showed that SCZD patients might display signs of typical autoimmune processes associated with impaired functioning of microRNAs resulting from their hydrolysis by the abzymes.

[Indices of the antioxidant system and dopamine in blood plasma in the dynamics of microwave resonance therapy in patients with alcoholism]. / Pokazateli antioksidantnoi sistemy i dofamina plazmy krovi v dinamike mikrovolnovoi rezonansnoi terapii u bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

AIM: To study effects of microwave resonance therapy (MWRT) on the level of dopamine and some indices of the antioxidant system of blood plasma in patients with alcohol dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dopamine, reduced glutathione, activities of catalase and superoxidismutase (SOD) were measured in blood plasma of alcoholic patients (50 men) before and after therapy. Plasma of 25 physically and mentally healthy men matched for age was used as control. RESULTS: In alcoholic patients in withdrawal state, the significant increase in dopamine (p=0.03), activity of catalase and SOD (p<0.05) as well as a decrease in reduced glutathione (p<0.01) in blood plasma in comparison with controls were found. The level of dopamine decreased significantly as after conventional therapy, as well after the therapy with addition of MWRT. After MWRT, the level of glutathione in blood plasma increased significantly and activities of catalase and SOD decreased practically up to the control level while after conventional therapy (without MWRT), the indices of the antioxidant system did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of MWRT in complex treatment of patients with alcoholism contributes to the normalization of the activity of catalase and SOD and increases the level of reduced glutathione, but has no significant effect on blood plasma dopamine level.

[Association study of genetic markers of schizophrenia and its cognitive endophenotypes].

A replicative analysis of associations of 15 SNPs located in the regions of 11 genes (TCF4, VRK2, NOTCH4, ZNF804A, AGBL1, RELN, ZFP64P1, KCNB2, CSMD1, CPVL, NRIP1) and three intergenic regions (SLCO6A1/LINCOO491, LOC105376248/LOC105376249, SPA17/NRGN) with schizophrenia was conducted in the Russian population of the Siberian region. These SNPs were previously identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia and cognitive abnormalities. The present study confirmed associations of KCNB2 rs2247572, CSMD1 rs2616984, and intergenic rs12807809 located in SPA17/NRGN with schizophrenia. It was established that the frequency of the CSMD1 rs2616984 G/G genotype was higher in patients compared to the control group (OR = 1.73; CI: 1.14­2.62; р = 0.0337). The frequencies of the KCNB2 rs2247572 TT genotype (OR = 0.41; CI: 0.20­0.87; р = 0.0485) and intergenic rs12807809 CT genotype located in SPA17/NRGN (OR = 0.70; CI: 0.53­0.94; р = 0.0464) were significantly decreased in patients compared to the control group.

[Antibodies to native and denatured DNA in the serum of patients with schizophrenia depending on the clinical features of the disease].

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlations between the level of antibodies to native and denatured DNA and psychopathological symptoms and illness duration in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The level of antibodies to native (double-stranded) DNA and denatured (single-stranded) DNA was studied in the serum of 50 patients with schizophrenia, including 12 patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD). The control group consisted of 30 people. RESULTS: A significant twofold increase in antibodies to native DNA was detected in patients with TD. There was no correlation of the amount of antibodies to double-stranded DNA with the duration of disease and leading symptoms both between the groups of patients as well as in comparison with controls. A significant decrease in antibody levels to the denatured (single-stranded) DNA was found in schizophrenic patients compared to the control group (p=0.009). A significant decrease in the concentration of antibodies to single-stranded DNA in patients with increasing duration of the disease, as well as in patients with leading negative symptoms was revealed. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that anti-DNAantibodies may not play a major role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

[The association of the DRD3 gene with Parkinson's disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between dopamine receptor DRD3 gene tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-three patients with PD and 96 healthy individuals from the Russian population were examined. Ten tag SNPs (rs963468, rs2134655, rs9817063, rs324035, rs11721264, rs1800828, rs3773678, rs167770, rs167771, rs7633291) within DRD3 have been genotyped. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Associations between 4 polymorphisms (rs11721264, rs3773678, rs167771, rs324035) and PD have been found. Our study confirms the involvement of polymorphic features of dopamine receptors genes in the pathophysiology in PD.